Air quality management - the application of a systematic approach to the control of air quality issues, in which all the factors determining air quality are considered in an integral, proportionate and cost-effective manner based upon sound science and by reference to health-effects based air quality criteria.

Agora - Greek work meaning market and also referring to the political, cultural and religious centres of Ancient Greece. Refers to the social space or 'scientific marketplace' in which science is discussed, contested and negotiated.

Air quality objectives - Policy targets for government achievements. These are concentrations to be achieved over an averaging period, by a target date and take account of economic efficiency, practicability, technical feasibility and timescale.

Air quality standards - concentrations of pollutants in the atmosphere which can boradly be taken to achieve a certain level of environmental quality.Standards are related to the effects of each pollutant on health.

Air review and assessment - the process by which ambient air quality is evaluated against health-based air quality objectives and locations identified where these objectves are not likely to be met.

Anthropomorphism - The projection of human forms (values, feelings, prepresentations) onto non-human phenomena (eg suggesting that two birds are in love with each other).

Anti-political - An action which has the effect of closing down a politica debate.

Australia Group - Informal consultative group of 33 states seeking to control the proliferation of chemical and biological weapons-related material and equipment.

Biological weapons - warfare through the deliberate release of agents of disease for hostile purposes to cause death or disease amongst humans, animal and plants.

Biosafety - legal or legally-generated measures to prevent the unwanted exposure of workers, or others, and the environment, to pathogenic micro-organisms and toxins.

Biosecurity - measures designed to prevent the unauthorised acquisition of pathogens, toxins or other bioactive substances of biological origin for use as weapons, in contravention of the Biological Weapons Convention of 1972.

Bio-tent - metaphor for the description of boundaries for what counts as acceptable behaviour are drawn differently in different national bio-science research cultures.

Boundaries - rules and criteria a group as for membership.

Boundary work - differentiating activities that attribute selected characteristics to processes or entities on the basis of differing values and stocks of knowledge.

CBRN - Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear. Intended to distinguish between the 'mass destruction' effect envisaged in a state-led programme of military significance and likely terrorist use of these materials.

Citizen consumer - a person who in buying or using a product acts according to one or more of his/her political and/or lifestyle values and identities.

Citizens' jury - a deliberative institution in which a small number of citizens are able to question expert witnesses and deliberate as a group, on a particular topic, in order to present a series of reflections and recommendations.

Classification - The aspect of coding the involves the production and re-production of social boundaries e.g what counts as natural/unnatural, as science/non-science

Climate change - alterations within the climate system that depart significantly from previous average conditions are which endure, bringing about change to ecosystems and socia-economic activity. Associated with greenhouse gas emissions, of which fossil fuel combustion and forest decline are contributors.

Clinical neuroscience - Research and clinical activities concerned with the normal functioning and disorders of the brain, behaviour, spine and peripheral nervous system.

Code  - As coding orientation

Coding orientation - The fundamental, but most tacit forms of classification and framing, by menas of which any givn practice is produced, reproduced and contested.

Cognitive citizenship - the social inclusion/exclusion of individuals on the basis of cognitice status and by the access to and mobilisation of knowledge resources by a given group or individual.

Communities of interest - Describes the groups of people who have interests related to the project's themes, but have different perspectives. It is used rather than 'stakeholders', which suggests that people interests are concerned only with some form of gain for the group.

Communities of practice - groups of professional workers, usually working independently, that share common concerns about how they do their work.

Consensus conference - a deliberative institution in which a small group of citizens first receives information, questions experts and deliberates as a group on a particular topic before a (usually public) conference or event at which the group discusses the issue and comes to a consensus on a series of recommendations.

Consultation-based approaches - two-way approaches to communicating with stakeholders, including public meetings.

Consumer citizen - a political actor who in the course of making consumer choices exercises his/her political and/or lifestyel values and identities.

Content analysis - a research tool used to determine the presence of certain words or concepts within text or a set of texts. Researchers quantify and analyse the presence, meanings and relationships of such words and concepts, then make inferences about the messages within the texts, the writer(s), the audiene and even the culture and time of which these are a part.

Corporate social responsibility - the role a company has in socity and all activities by a compnay to improve its social impact.

Cultural theory - Extension of the social anthropologist Mary Douglas's grid-group theory that aims to explain universal 'cultural bias' through a general typology of group formation and the associated myth of nature or world view.

Deliberation - the process of discussing and debating a specific topic.

Deliberative democracy - a set of ideas about how deliberation can be promoted in modern societies. Proponents of deliberative democracy have recently developed a series of deliberative institutions such as citizens' juries and consensus conferences through which groups of citizens can participate in debate and discussion on specific topics.

Deliberative exchange - a one-to-one deliberation between two persons from different social groups facilitated by a researcher in which the participants work collaboratively to consider and address ethical or policy issues.

Deliberative polling - a deliberative institution developed by James Fishkin in the USA that combines public deliberation on a particular issue with more conventional polling techniques in order to ascertain the impact of receiving information and discussion on citizens' preferences.

Deliberative society - a society in which widespread informal deliberation contribute, through a range of networks and institutions, to collective decision-making.

Dementia - behavioural syndrome characterised by the loss of intellectual power, problems of memory, understanding and practica know-how, and a general decline in personal attributes.

Demonstration - the practice of attempting to show the truth of a statement in a political arena.

Dialectic models of communication - seek to involve stakeholders in the communication process to increase participation. Dialogue is used as a means of achieving consensus.

Discourse - Systematically organised statements that reflect the meanings and values, but also the characteristic coding orientations of institutions

Discourse analysis - concerned with the ways in which texts are organised in relation to their social content. Discourse analysis can give us an insight into the ways in which people, groups and institutions mobilise meaning and the ways in which certain discourses become dominant. This can aid our understanding of how discourse not only contructs versions of reality but also how it allows certain actions whilst contraining others.

Dual-use - the features of a technology that enable to it be applied to both peaceful and hostile purposes.

Egg-sharing - involved a woman having infertility treatment donating some of her eggs in return for a reduction in the costs of her treatment.

Environment - The environment includes the totality of living and working conditions as well as the physical, biological, social and culutral responses to these conditions

Ethnographic methods - a collection of research methods which aim to access and study social phenomena qualitatively, with the aim to understand, describe, and sociologically interpret that sociological phenomena. Primarily involves observation but includes some quantitative techniques as well.

Ethnomethodology - phrase coined by Harold Garfinkel in 1974 which proposed using conversational data to uncover commonsense 'methodology' for ordinary social interactions.

European Research Area - Adopted by the Lisbon Council in 2000, the ERA is intended to pave the way for a common science and technology policy across Europe. The ERA is intended to co-ordinate national research policies in the direction of shared objectives, expertise and resources.

Evidece-based medicine - this is dependent on the use of randomised controlled trials, as well as systematic reviews (or a series of trials) and meta-analysis, although it is not restricted to these. There is emphasis on the dissemintation of information, as well as its collection, so that the evidence can reach clinical practice.

Expertise - This terms refers to the knowledge and skills that people have. The term 'citizen expertise' refers to the ways in which the skills and knowledge of groups of people contribute to better and more deomocratic policy-making processes.

Exposure - Contact between a substance (usually a hazard) and people. Exposures may either be chronic (related to occupation or residence) or acute (related to an industrial accident, such as release of radioactive materials).

Farm scale evaluations - a series of Government-sponsored experiments aimed at assessing the impact of genetically modified herbicide tolerant crops on farm-based wildlife.

Feedback loop - Closed chain of interaction among state variables in a dynamical system.

Frame analysis - When humans experience anything, they 'frame' the experience. They can use 'natural frames', which are quasi-automatic and cannot be changed, or they can use 'social frames' which are the results of past experiences and cultural traditions and are more flexible. Frame analysis can also refer to the analysis of dominant metaphors used in the framing of policies.

Framing - The manner in which social classifications are combined, communicated and controlled. The concept of framing describes how any given practice positions a social subject to understand, and respond to events/situations.